During this lecture the audience will learn about non-NSAID, non-opioid pain modifying analgesic drugs (PMAD) administered parenterally, and their use in clinical practice for chronic pain. Examples include but are not limited to parenteral medications such as alpha-2 agonists, subanesthetic ketamine CRI, systemic lidocaine, anti-NGF Monoclonal Antbiody, bisphosphonates, Intra-articular injections Learning Objectives: 1. Gain understanding of adjunctive PMAD mechanisms of action 2. Learn patient populations that would most benefit – or not benefit – from various adjunctive parenteral PMADs. 3. Understand clinical use of various parenteral PMADs