Protein electrophoresis has been a mainstay in veterinary medicine for several decades but the wide implementation of this technique in non-traditional species has only occurred in the past 20 years. The diversity of proteins and influences of age and season in non-mammalian vertebrates has been challenging in implementing this assay and producing helpful reference intervals. More recently, a new method called capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has brought additional challenges - in some cases, requiring a 'restart' of the understanding of the fractions and interval generation. This presentation will include a brief review of traditional agarose gel electrophoresis and CZE methods and aims for the future. Considerable time will be spent reviewing published studies and cases presentations using these techniques in avian, reptile, elasmobranch, small exotic mammals, and non-domesticated mammals.