Coral Health and Disease: Descriptions, Diagnostics and Directions Ilze K. Berzins, PhD, DVM, MPH One Water, One Health LLC Coral reefs, known for their high biodiversity, are often called the “rainforests of the seas”. They are estimated to support 25 % of all marine life while covering 1% or less of the ocean floor (www.fisheries.noaa.gov/corals). Coral reefs play a crucial role for coastal communities, reducing coastal erosion, protecting against hurricanes and generating substantial economic benefits. However, alarm bells are ringing as coral reefs worldwide face numerous challenges. Coral reefs are in trouble. What are the issues? What is being done? Has anything improved? This review aims to increase awareness and engagement for both aquarium and wild coral populations.