The Sygnathidae include seahorses, sea dragons and pipefish, of which there are 27 genera and 278 species, many of which are listed by the IUCN as endangered or threatened, and all of which are protected under CITES. These marine fish are indigenous to corral reefs and sandy shallows of Western and South Australia. They are unique for their small mouth, tube-shaped snout and cartilaginous exoskeleton. Sygnathids are popular exhibit fish, and there has been some success with captive breeding, especially of seahorses, although the leafy sea dragon has not been successfully bred in captivity. Remarkably, these 3 groups of fish in captive care share many of the same disease processes. This presentation will concentrate on the commonly encountered diseases of these fish, including infectious diseases, developmental anomalies, nutritional, metabolic, degenerative, depositional, neoplastic and traumatic diseases.