This masterclass offers an in-depth, systematic approach to gastrointestinal surgery in rabbits and rodents, guiding participants step by step through all aspects of patient management. Attendees will gain a deep understanding of species-specific considerations, including tailored perioperative planning, anesthesia, and analgesia protocols that address the unique physiology of these small mammals. The session emphasizes evidence-based strategies to minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications, offering clear, practical guidance on surgical decision-making. Integrating high-quality surgical video demonstrations, evidence-based recommendations, and user-friendly intraoperative checklists, the masterclass is designed to enhance participants’ technical proficiency and confidence in managing challenging cases. The lecture presents a comprehensive overview of critical gastroenterological disorders in rabbits and rodents, with a strong focus on clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and surgical intervention. Topics covered include intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, gastric ulceration, gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), megaoesophagus, and rectal prolapse. The discussion delves into the clinical progression of these conditions, the use of diagnostic modalities (radiography, CT, and laboratory analysis), and the principles of early stabilization, pain management, and gastric decompression. Prognostic indicators, surgical techniques, postoperative care, and survival outcomes are thoroughly examined. Common pitfalls and methods for complication avoidance are illustrated through real-world case examples and the latest research. By the end of the masterclass, participants will be equipped with practical, evidence-based knowledge and decision-making tools to perform gastrointestinal surgery safely and effectively in rabbits and rodents.