Thoracic surgery in domestic rabbits has long been regarded as a high-risk and often impractical procedure, creating a significant barrier to surgical treatment of cranial mediastinal diseases such as thymoma and thymic lymphoma. Consequently, many cases that may benefit from surgery are managed conservatively. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, anesthesia, and perioperative care are now breaking this barrier, transforming procedures once considered impossible into achievable surgical options. This presentation provides a structured, step-by-step framework for the diagnosis and surgical management of thymic tumors in rabbits, supported by case-based discussion and surgical video. Diagnostic evaluation begins with thoracic radiography as an accessible first-line tool for identifying cranial mediastinal widening. Thoracic ultrasonography is subsequently used to further characterize mediastinal masses and detect pleural effusion, while computed tomography (CT) is emphasized as the definitive imaging modality for assessing tumor extent, invasiveness, and relationships to vital structures. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice for thymoma when complete resection is feasible. Improved survival depends on standardized perioperative management, including effective pain control using a fentanyl–lidocaine–ketamine (FLK) combination, mandatory endotracheal intubation, and appropriately configured mechanical ventilation during thoracotomy. Intraoperative success relies on meticulous dissection and preservation of the phrenic nerves, as injury may result in diaphragmatic paralysis and severe postoperative respiratory compromise. Postoperative care, including oxygen supplementation, multimodal analgesia, and close monitoring, is essential for successful recovery. By applying a systematic, step-by-step approach, thymic surgery in rabbits can be performed safely and effectively, breaking long-standing surgical barriers