Name
Evaluating vertical transmission of Cryptosporidium in snakes
Speakers
Description
Ophidian cryptosporidiosis is an infection caused by either the gastrotropic species Cryptosporidium serpentis or the enterotropic species C. varanii. Either infection may be present for years without clinical signs while continuously shedding infective oocysts into the environment. As the infection progresses, clinical signs eventually develop, such as regurgitation with C. serpentis and diarrhea with C. varanii. While it has been well documented that these organisms can be transmitted horizontally, little is known about vertical transmission. To evaluate possible vertical transmission of Cryptosporidium in snakes, molecular analysis of snake eggs was performed. Between 2017 and 2025, eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi), black tailed cribo (Drymarchon melanurus), and Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni) clutches produced by 18 C. serpentis and one C. varanii – positive dams were evaluated. One hundred forty-six eggs (140 from C. serpentis-positive dams and 6 from a C. varanii-positive dam) were investigated. The outer surface of the eggshell, the vitellus, and/or the skin surface of the hatchlings were separately swabbed for Cryptosporidium PCR analyses. The hatchlings were then retested by PCR on either cloacal or gastric swab samples for one year. Cryptosporidium serpentis was detected in 1.4 % (2/140) eggshell swabs, 3.3 % (2/60) vitellus sample swabs, and 3.3 % (2/60) hatchling skin swabs. Cryptosporidium varanii was detected in 66.7 % (4/6) eggshell swabs but not in vitellus or hatchling skin swabs. Seven (7/89; 7.9 %) hatchlings tested positive for Cryptosporidium within one year of hatching, suggesting vertical transmission is possible in snakes.
Session Type
Lecture (25 Min)