Name
Evaluating the Effects of Cardiocentesis in Snakes
James Bogan
Description
Multiple phlebotomy sites have been described in snakes, although cardiocentesis has been the mainstay for collecting blood, especially when large volumes are needed. Cardiac disease is somewhat common in snakes and investigating the association of cardiac disease with cardiocentesis is needed. We reviewed snake necropsy records at Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens from January 2014 through October 2024 and compared the results with recorded cardiocentesis events. Of the 193 necropsy records available for snakes, 63/193 (33%) had histologic evidence of cardiac disease. Lesions included epicardial or myocardial fibrosis, epicardial adhesions, endocardiosis, and acute or chronic epicardial hemorrhage (hemosiderosis). Six of these cases were excluded from calculations since they were caused by infectious or neoplastic processes. In snakes that had cardiocentesis events, the median number of events per individual was 2 (range 1 - 5) and the median time between the last event and time of death was 920 days (range 0 - 3,898 days). There was a moderate association with histologic lesions and cardiocentesis (Cramer V = 0.233). There was not a significant difference in acute lesions (P = 1.0), but there was a significant difference in chronic lesions (P = 0.001). Fibrosis was detected in 21/187 (11%) snakes but only 3/187 (1.6%) had clinical heart disease and there was no significant association with cardiocentesis (Cramer V = 0.05 and 0.06, respectively). While cardiocentesis may be associated with chronic focal lesions in cardiac tissues, these findings suggest cardiocentesis does not increase the likelihood of clinical cardiac disease in snakes.
Session Type
Lecture (25 Min)