Most exotic companion mammals are prey species, meaning that when they present in an emergency setting, their condition is often more severe than it initially appears. These animals are also at a higher risk of deteriorating rapidly due to illness or injury. Therefore, low-stress handling and immediate triage are essential to achieving the best possible outcomes for these patients. This discussion will focus on triage, initial management, sedation, and physical examination of critically ill exotic mammals, highlighting both the differences and similarities to canine and feline emergency care. Key prognostic indicators for each species will be reviewed, along with basic techniques such as venipuncture, intravenous and intraosseous catheter placement, and syringe feeding. In part two, the most common emergency presentations in exotic companion mammals will be examined, with a focus on stabilization, initial diagnostics, and defining characteristics of common diseases. Specific conditions addressed include acquired dental disease, ocular issues, anorexia/GI stasis/Rabbit Gastrointestinal Syndrome (RGIS), liver lobe torsion, traumatic injuries, respiratory distress, vestibular disease, and urogenital disorders. Prognosis for each condition will also be discussed. Finally, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as well as the indications, routes, and agents for euthanasia, will be briefly reviewed.