Course Description: During this lecture the audience will be introduced to the different concerns and physiologic factors which are present in young patients. Neonatal nociceptive physiology will be discussed - some of which will be based on human infants due to the amount of research available. The audience will learn how to assess pediatric pain and clinical pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment options. Learning Objectives: Gain an understanding of neonatal nociceptive physiology and how it differs from adults 1. Become familiar with how to assess pain in young patients 2. Learn the various treatment options for pediatric pain