Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) are charismatic chelonians that are declining across their range due to a variety of anthropogenic stressors including habitat loss, vehicular mortality, the illegal wildlife trade, subsidized predation, and disease outbreaks. The Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory at the University of Illinois has conducted health assessments on wild eastern box turtles for over a decade to characterize the drivers of health and disease in this species. We have generated data on vital parameters, physical examination findings, body condition scoring, clinical pathology testing (hematology, plasma biochemistries, protein electrophoresis, etc.), and molecular pathogen surveillance (frog virus 3, herpesviruses, Mycoplasma spp., adenoviruses, Salmonella spp., intranuclear coccidiosis of Testudines, etc.) in thousands of box turtles and subsequently developed a health database for this species that is unparalleled in size and scope. This master class will present a synthesis of eastern box turtle health and pathogen data from our long-term studies and demonstrate the role of the reptile clinician in characterizing and conserving wildlife wellness.