Anesthesia and surgery in reptilian species are often considered higher risk than many other patients seen in clinical practice. The focus of this lecture is to ensure that important steps are followed before, during, and after surgery to ensure the highest chance of a successful outcome. Due to the higher risk of reptilian surgery, many contributing factors should be considered in conjunction with the surgery. This lecture explores the importance of pre-surgical diagnostic testing and stabilization, including analgesia, fluid therapy, and nutritional status. Methods will be discussed to increase the safety of the surgery, such as intra-operative care, anesthesia options, and patient monitoring. Suggestions on equipment and positioning to aid the surgeon with examples of these procedures to highlight these points are also discussed. Immediate and ongoing post-operative care is described. This includes nutritional support, oesophagostomy tube placement, wound care, and hospitalization benefits. After discussing these peri-operative fundamentals, attendees can take key points to put into practice immediately, providing improved care to reptilian patients and increasing the chance of a successful surgical and treatment plan.