Jane Merkel
Tsanta Fiderana Rakotonanahary
Jamie Palmer
Sarah O'Brien
Kari Musgrave
Stephen Nelson
J. Richard Vetter
Anioa Nieto Claudin
Bonnie Raphael
Sharon Deem
Establishing quick, reliable, and portable blood gas and blood lactate values for chelonians is fundamental to provide clinicians reliable physiological data during routine health screenings and during mass triage events. The Radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata) has incurred an over 80% population decline in the past 20 years. This decline is due in part to the illegal wildlife trade, which peaked in 2018 with two mass confiscations of 10,000 and 7,000 A. radiata. To date Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA) manages, 24,000 previously confiscated individuals undergoing re-wilding efforts in southern Madagascar. The objective of this study was to establish reference ranges using two different point of care machines to expand access to diagnostics in remote locations and during mass triage events. First, blood gas reference ranges were established for sub-adult (n=38) and adult (n=24) previously confiscated A. radiata undergoing health screening using a Vetscan i-STAT clinical portable analyzer (Abaxis, Union City, CA; Cartridge CG8+) for the following values: pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-) , base excess (BE), oxygen saturation (sO2),total carbon dioxide (TCO2) , anion gap, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), ionized calcium (iCa), glucose (Glu), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) . Second, blood lactate concentrations were determined and reference ranges for whole blood lactate were established using the Lactate Plus Meter (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA) . in two tortoise populations, previously confiscated captive (n=116) and free-ranging wild animals (n=151).
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