Rabbit gastrointestinal disorders are still poorly understood. One of the most peculiar anatomical characteristics of rabbits is the presence of a distinct vermiform appendix at the apex of the voluminous cecum. In humans, disorders of the appendix are common, while in rabbits there have been only a handful of reports of disorders of the appendix. The paucity of these reports may be due to the underdiagnosis of conditions affecting the rabbit’s appendix. In this masterclass we will review the anatomy, physiology, and diagnostic imaging characteristics of the appendix, as well as clinical signs and cutting-edge treatments of appendiceal disorders in rabbits. This will facilitate clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of this peculiar organ.