The use of antibiotic-impregnated beads for treatment/prevention of osteomyelitis in the human literature is well known with over 6900 publications. The most common formulation utilized polymethylmethacrylate as the base material. The use of biodegradable formulations including calcium sulfate has subsequently been published with increasing frequency. The application of antibiotic -impregnated calcium sulfate beads for the treatment of a chronic odontogenic ventral mandibular soft tissue abscess with osteomyelitis of the left hemimandible was investigated. A 6 year old rabbit was presented following a 6 month history of unsuccessful treatments of a left mandibular soft tissue abscess. Treatment included surgical debridement, dental extraction and antibiotics based on culture and sensitivity. Following surgical exploration and debridement of the affected tissues, amikacin-impregnated beads, based on prior culture and sensitivity, measuring 3mm-5mm were implanted into the abscess pocket to eliminate dead space. The site was surgically closed. The rabbit also concurrently received weekly injections of Pen G for a period of 12 weeks. After 6 months of serial radiographic follow-ups, it was determined that complete resolution of the abscess in addition to mandibular bone modeling had occurred. In conclusion, the use of antibiotic impregnated calcium sulfate beads in the treatment of odontogenic abscesses in rabbits should be considered. Use of this modality should be further investigated for other applications in the treatment of small mammal abscesses.