Kristen Hales, Mississippi Aquarium
Cris Hagen
Carol Alverez
Bonnie Raphael
Justin Stilwell
Intranuclear coccidia (INC) is an insidious emerging chelonian infectious disease that has a wide range of clinical presentations. A full understanding of this disease epidemiology is needed to understand its pathogenesis and different clinical presentations. To further characterize INC, a thorough assessment of hematological and physiological parameters is needed to improve clinicians’ abilities to differentiate it from other infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize and assess the differences in estimated white blood cell counts, white blood cell differential counts, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and to evaluate leukocyte coping capacity (LCC) between INC qPCR positive and negative Chinese box turtle species (Cuora galbinofrons, n=12; Cuora bouretti, n=6; and Cuora picturata, n=20). A total of 38, non-clinically ill Chinese box turtles were screened for INC based on routine infectious disease testing via established qPCR methods and divided into two groups, qPCR positive and negative. No difference in estimated white blood cell counts, total number of heterophils, azurophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and plasma corticosterone concentrations was observed between qPCR INC positive and negative animals. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in total basophils and time to peak LCC luminescence. INC positive animals showed a higher basophil count and a faster time to peak LCC luminescence. Basophil degranulation may be responsible for the faster time to peak LCC luminescence. Further investigation into the epidemiology of INC in chelonians including full characterization of the life cycle and disease transmission is needed to aid in developing clinical recommendations.
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